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Surface sprays miss the nest and the eggs
Most retail sprays are contact products. They knock down the insects walking across the treated area at that moment, and little else. The pests you see on the wall are a small fraction of the colony.
The rest sit out of reach in the harbourage: wall cavities, under the fridge motor, behind the dishwasher, above the ceiling and in subfloors. Cockroach egg cases are especially stubborn. A single German cockroach ootheca can carry dozens of young, and the casing shields them from surface products entirely. Once those hatch, you are back to square one within a few weeks, which is why the problem seems to keep returning no matter how much you spray.

